Denzin & Lincoln (2005) - CH 8

A participatory ontology in the context of an EdD is likely to explore the question"What is there that can be known within a workplace, a profession and universities about a particular topic. The reality of this subjective/objective knowledge is constructively co-created by a number of minds.

A participatory epistemology in such a context deals with constructively co-created findings based on practical knowing. Herron & reason (1996) discuss four ways of knowing:

1. Experiential (face-to-face)
2. Presentational (intuitive)
3. Propositional (based on theory), and
4. Practical (skills, competencies)

A participatory epistemology also implies critical subjectivity (and critical intersubjectivity).

Methodologies relevant to participatory research are based on political participation in collaborative action inquiry.

To me, a participatory research approach places the researcher in the neutral role of a facilitator working with a group of practitioners seeking to effect change in the workplace. The challenge, within an EdD will be in coursing and justifying the continual variations, directions and nuances, outcomes of group interaction and self-determination.